Liver Shunts

A liver shunt, or portosystemic shunt (PSS), is an abnormal blood vessel that allows blood to bypass the liver. This can cause symptoms ranging from vomiting and diarrhea to neurologic dysfunction and seizures. Some dogs are born with liver shunts, and some of these can be corrected with surgery. Other liver shunts are the result of abnormal liver function.

What and Why

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Dogs born with liver shunts may be smaller than their littermates, display abnormal behavior, or take a long time to recover following anesthesia. Their abnormal behavior, difficulty walking, or seizures may occur more frequently after a meal. These shunts are more common in certain breeds, including Yorkshire Terriers, Miniature Schnauzers, Labrador Retrievers, and Golden Retrievers.

At your veterinarian

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Blood work, including special tests for ammonia and bile acids, urinalysis, x-rays, and ultrasound are tests that your veterinarian may perform if they suspect a liver shunt. Your veterinarian will characterize the liver shunt to direct treatment options. Advanced imaging with CT is often required to characterize the shunt and allow for surgical planning.

Treatment

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Dietary modification, antibiotics, and lactulose are used to prevent toxin buildup. The toxin of greatest concern is ammonia. A diet rich in carbohydrates and low in protein will help prevent ammonia production. Certain antibiotics will reduce ammonia-producing bacteria in your dog’s gut. Lactulose will bind ammonia and speed its passage out of your dog.